Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that targets the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. In this condition, the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, a protective layer that facilitates the transmission of nerve signals. This assault leads to inflammation and damage, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
According to a report by the Jadeh Makhsous news website, the precise cause of MS remains unknown, though it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viral infections, vitamin D deficiency, and genetic predispositions can increase the risk of developing the disease. MS typically manifests in young to middle-aged adults, with a higher prevalence observed in women.
The symptoms of MS are highly variable and depend on the specific location of the nerve damage. Common signs include muscle weakness, vision problems such as blurred or double vision, impaired balance and coordination, severe fatigue, and numbness or tingling in the limbs. These symptoms can appear in cycles of relapse and remission or progress steadily over time.
Diagnosis is typically based on a combination of medical history, neurological examinations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. While there is no definitive cure for MS, various treatments are available to manage symptoms and slow the disease’s progression. These include disease-modifying drugs like interferons, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and newer biologic therapies, alongside rehabilitative support such as physiotherapy and occupational therapy.
According to Jadeh Makhsous, Dr. Zahra Ebadi, an MS fellowship and assistant professor at Tehran University of Medical Sciences, emphasizes that early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for minimizing complications and improving patients’ quality of life. Fortunately, significant advancements have been made in MS treatment, and a considerable number of these modern medications are available and widely utilized in Iran.
The role of technology and advanced pharmacology is pivotal in managing chronic conditions like MS. What are your thoughts on the impact of technological innovation in modern healthcare? Share your perspective in the comments below.